The share of lawsuits filed by self-represented individuals in US federal courts rose from 11% in 2022 to 16.8% in 2025, with the number of filings more than doubling since 2023, according to a study covering 4.5 million civil cases from 2005 to 2026. Judges attribute this surge largely to the use of AI tools in drafting legal documents, as reported by technologyreview.com.
Federal magistrate Judge Maritza Braswell of Colorado, who reviews many filings from people without lawyers, has observed a significant increase in AI-generated pleadings. She notes that AI-written documents often feature distinctive prose and sometimes include fabricated cases or quotes. Despite the improved drafting quality, she says AI use has not translated into better case outcomes for self-represented litigants.
The rise in AI-assisted filings raises questions about the legal responsibilities of AI tools acting in place of lawyers. Courts are beginning to consider whether chatbots should have duties similar to human attorneys, such as providing accurate legal advice. This trend reflects broader challenges in integrating AI into the justice system while maintaining fairness and accountability.
Judge Braswell’s experience exemplifies how AI is reshaping court processes, with self-represented filings increasing notably in recent years. The study’s data through 2026 highlights a pivotal moment as courts adapt to the growing role of AI in legal proceedings.